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Goods

 

The male form to the is used when the previous word ends with a consonant (Sener under fire at the Brazen under the ashes the fire burned wood becomes charcoal) or in all cases in which facilitates the delivery of the sentence In any case the “A” is uttered in a barely perceptible.

Item lose the initial and becomes “‘l” when the following word begins with a vowel, unless the voice appears as initial only for the fall of the “In” that occurs in many words (is.: l’aa l’ape, the aca the mucca).

The indefinite article has the male form an the ‘n (is.: ‘n afàre unaffare, ‘n ca un cane) and the female form ‘na (is.: ‘na aca una mucca, ‘n’aa un'ape), some authors also cite a plural form d’i with the meaning of some (is.: or east and ca I've seen some dogs, or some houses) which corresponds to the preposition the more the plural article i.

That way, the same for male and female, è presa dalla lingua francese e viene usata un po’ throughout Lombardy.

For the difference between the two male forms and for the elimination of the female form, see discussion above for the shape determinative.

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Adjectives

 

The adjectives that end with a “F” replacement of a “In” existing in Italian consonant lose the feminine, while if the “F” is also in the corresponding Italian word also remains in the feminine (is.: catìf naughty catìa, deepest fresh Noa, while zgiónf swollen zgiónfa).

The adjectives that end in “BE” “FE” and “PE” female changing “And” in “IA” (is.: Liver turbid liver, gónfe swollen gónfia, sempe single sempia).

Other balance usually change :

 

Sometimes an adjective is opposed to another; everything does not have a specific meaning but serves to highlight and strengthen the second adjective used.

puarèt ma gnöch [poor but] stubborn

puarèt ma spurcaciù [poor but] dirty

The adjective did so is often used as a reinforcement of another adjective or adverb

ing troops too [so]

FHU tat [so] enough

The comparative of majority is built with puse … the … , puse … that … , puse … Ordinarily che … (more …, more than … , than what they are …)

‘l püsé picèn da töc the minor, the smallest of all

püsé tat night [gna] lü più di lui (so much that [not even] him)

Mei rather, which is already a comparative, is also found in the expression puse Mei better

The comparative minority is built with less … the … , less … that … , ..less . Ordinarily che … (unless …, unless … , unless either …)

‘l meno grant da töc the minor, less the greatest of all

unless [gna] lü without him (unless [not even] him)

The comparative of equality is built with cumè, cumpàgn da, bustard often preceded by did

al ga n’à tat cumè lü I have many like it

‘l è vèc cumpàgn da mé is as old as me

‘l è grant tüzo lü is as great as he

In negative sentences is usually used ized … cumè

‘l è mìa isé bèl cumè ‘l mé not as nice as my, is less beautiful than mine

The superlative is constructed with ‘l püsé …

‘l püsé bèl da töc the most beautiful of all

‘l püsé car ‘ntrè töc the most expensive among all

The superlative is constructed with expressions ‘n grant [did], after using the adjective faiths or with various expressions which indicate the maximum for that adjective

It's great you can translate with :

‘l è bèl bé well it's nice

‘l è bèl fés is very nice

‘l è ‘n grant bèl is a really beautiful

‘l è bèl ‘n grant tat beautiful a great time

‘l è ‘l püsé bèl da chèi bèi is the most beautiful of those lovely

‘l è bèl ca ‘l è l’è la fi da ‘l mónt it's nice that it's the end of the world

Sometimes he repeats the word with the suffix “ENT”

mat matènt completely crazy (crazy mattento)

deepest nuènt new (new nuovento)

l’è piàta piatènta completely flat (is flat piattenta)

or adding an adverb

AFAC Piceno very small (small at all)

or another adjective

cioch ‘ntranàt drunk (drunk that he was in a tavern)

Colt hairs very hot [to remove the skin]

Més Mazer soaked (wet macerated)

Stof pecét very sick (the two adjectives have the same meaning)

Powder March very sick (stufo marcio)

fear Masate tired (tired killed)

becomes an example (although many of these examples are incomprehensible es.: angry as a tile, ignorant as a basket etc.)

amàr ‘mè ‘l tòsech/la fél bitter [bitter as poison / gall]

biót ‘mè San Quintì with nothing, completely without money (naked as Saint Quentin)

‘nvèrs ‘mè ‘n cóp angry [as a tile]

gnurànt ‘mè ‘na böba/’n gabe very ignorant [come un’upupa/un cesto o crinolina]

or, finally, using an explanatory sentence

grant che ‘l finés pö vast, immense [great that never ends]

‘l spösa che ‘l ternèga is stinking (so take your breath stinks)

‘l è dét che ‘l néga is busy (is drowning in)

‘l è d’una magrèsa ca ‘l fa spaènt/pura is very thin (is a thinness that he does scare / fear)

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Possessive adjectives

 

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Pronouns

 

The pronoun is often duplicated té ta làet i pagn tu lavi i panni lü ‘l sa làa lui si lava ta tea Cantet tu canti lü ‘l dés lui dice lé la dés she says lur i dés they say

Voi si traduce (in)you When you call to a person to whom you bring respect (at the time also to his father and mother) and Otero to indicate the second person plural

The impersonal form is its used with the third person singular (is.: his dice si dice) the i with the third person plural (is.: i dés they say).

The reflexive form is its (is.: May ma these nète io mi pulisco, was this would nètet tu ti pulisci).

The verbs indicating atmospheric events using the third person singular pronoun as subject ‘l, (is.: ‘l piöf rains, ‘l trùna thunders, ‘l fiòca snowing) probably taken from the French ( IT RAINS piove etc..).

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Demonstrative pronouns

 

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Prepositions

 

with with – co’ (¹)

of, the the (²)

in an – ‘n – ‘n dé (³)

to for

its SALES PERSON (⁴)

between, from between – ‘ntra

The prepositions simply add the item (is.: da la sò banda on his side) with the elision of the vowel for the for plural, as followed by voice (is.: d’i mé bande I come from).

(¹) also cont if the following word begins with a vowel (is.: The ca cont with cane)

(²) currently is also used give but it is not correct

(³) an is used when the previous word ends with a consonant (is.: The ca det [within] in casa) The preposition puts the between the simple preposition and the article (is.: dét an da la ca [within] in the house)

(⁴) wants the if it is followed by a personal pronoun (is.: sö da mé its [in / da] me)

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Numbers

 

10 dice, 11 [in]Ondes, 12 Dude, 13 trédes, 14 quatórdes, 15 quìndes, 16 Sedes, 17 dersèt, 18 dezdòt, 19 deznöf

20 [in]int, 21 [in]INTU, 22 [in]intidù, 23 [in]intitrì …. 29 [in]intinöf, 30 trènta, 31 trentü … 40 Forty, 50 cinquànta, 60 sesànta, 70 Seventy, 80 [in]utànta, 90 nuànta

100 center, 101 centvü, 102 centdù … 200 duzent, 300 trezènt, 400 quatercènt, 500 Five, 600 sés'cènt, 700 setcènt, 800 [in]otcènt, 900 nöfcènt

1000 Melanoma, 2000 duméla, 3000 triméla … 10.000 désméla, 100.000 cenméla, 1.000.000 ‘n miliù, 1.000.000.000 ‘n miliàrt

1° PROM, 2° segónt, 3° tèrs, 4° quarter, 5° chèl di cinch (one of the five), 6° chèl di sés (that of the six), 7° chèl seven (one of the seven), 8° chèl said voting, 9° chèl said nöf …

In modern usage also other items were taking them from Italian dialettizzati, so today feel even sèst, for sixth, utàf for eighth and so on

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Verbs

 

Usually the verbs that have a “U / E” transform the voice “O / E” the third person singular, those with the “I” transform it into “It”.

bufà blow, breathe, panting, snort ana se ‘l bófa looks like pants

Suta continue a ‘l söta continues

circà search Fences made of capi tries to convince, to make him understand, to reason

Verb conjugations

The pronoun is usually duplicated in the verbal conjugation té ta làet i pagn tu lavi i panni lü ‘l sa làa lui si lava ta tea Cantet tu canti etc.

The third person masculine and feminine, the verb does not change but the pronoun is lü ‘l for the male and lé la for the feminine and the singular arise as i male and female for the plural.

The verbs have and be have irregular conjugations, but only in the dialect of the verb to have is an auxiliary verb (gh’à egnìt mal he took a sudden illness).

Some conjugations were recorded in two forms, we are not able to ascertain what is the form Casiratese, in doubt, we recorded both.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The compound tenses are formed by adding the past participle stac the simple times (is.: Mé sound I am I STAC luxury I was

In some cases, for example, when the simple verb form ending in a consonant, is added a a (pronounced very quickly) before stac to make it easier to pronounce that would be difficult for the presence of two consonants in succession vès a stac being).

The regular verbs have three different types of conjugation, dividing into those who end up in “In”, those ending in consonant and those that end up in “The starter”.

Laura operate Word ending with “In”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I verbi riflessivi aggiungono una ‘s’ (is.: Laà – Laas) infinity and the reflexive form its (is.: mé be in Lae io mi [you] lavo, té ta sa làet tu ti [you] life etc..) for other times

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The pronounced…

you riportiano some rules bearing in mind that none of these is valid in absolute, precisely because the dialect is not a literary language, does not exist in written form and has not had in the past extensors of syntactic rules and grammatical; we say that rules are more observations on the forms and the most common phenomena we noticed.

In our dialect, as in many other dialects of Northern Italy, there are no double; this is one of the difficulties that were the masters to teach Italian to children who usually speak the dialect, therefore, spelling tests were pronounced with the double emphasis by the teacher. Remember how pronounced “The hot ... t ... tato” ?

Disappear unaccented final vowels other than “A”, in the few cases in which there are usually the word is not typically dialectal, but almost always is taken from Italian (is.: fréno brake).

 

In few words the letter “The” becomes “R”, phenomenon technically notice come rotacismo (curtèl knife Carvensà Calverley)

Words ending with ment There are also almost always end with meters (is.: mancamènt and mancamét the disappearance). In a book published by the Lombardy region of Cigole, a town in the province of Brescia, we read that the two forms are typical of the town and the other campaign; we record the information learned, but not discard the possibility that the two forms is a typical dialect Casiratese and the other is “imported” from neighboring countries, while not having elements to support one or the other hypothesis.

When a phrase in a word ends with a consonant and the next begins to turn with consonant, often you insert a “A”, pronounced very quickly and almost imperceptibly, to facilitate the pronunciation (is.: Trope and fear too tired).

In the dialect words often add or lose a letter to avoid dissonance or difficulty in pronouncing the sentence; for this reason, if you can not find a word in the dictionary or not we knew, and we would appreciate if we segnalaste, or find it written in a slightly different way, perhaps without the initial.

In many words there is the loss of “In” initial or if placed between two vowels (this is. evening and notify them dress, giuedé the giuadé Thursday), if the initial vowel followed by “N” and consonant (this is. Intelligent – ‘nteligènt intelligent) of the “MB” the “MP” (this is. ambientàs – ‘mbientàs acclimate) .

Always to help the pronunciation, other words add a letter (normally “S” or “N”) at the beginning (is.: ‘na sfubalàda a ball from fùbel soccer ball, a ‘l s’à ‘nfruznàt ‘nduè ? where it is hunted ? the fròzna spear) others are present in two forms (is.: curnàda and scurnàda cornata, cunfundìt and scunfundìt confused, Guaira and zguaì guaire, baösa and zbaösa saliva falling from the mouth etc.).

To complicate matters further add that the whole, in the case for example of twisters, nursery rhymes and proverbs, the willingness to put in rhyme the phrase has often led to change the words used or to take a proverb casiratese and to adapt it to our dialect.

The phonetic transcription of words is probably the biggest problem for those who want to write in dialect, especially with a computer which allows a limited number of signs available. We limited ourselves to use the letters of the Italian, but in fact in our dialect many letters have different sounds that we could not play with the characters that we had at our disposal. For example, in the word laàa (washed) tre “A” have different pronunciations and different ways to open his mouth to utter, the “I” can be barely noticeable (is.: püiznà drizzle) or pronounced in a very marked (is.: bagàia girl) and so on.

We decided to simplify things, so as not to bore the reader with strange characters and difficult to interpret, and use the voice without trying to write down all the different sounds with which you can present. We only left the accents to indicate whether the vowel is pronounced open or closed, and to understand what is the syllable on which the accent falls.

Here are some examples of how to pronounce the words written in the vocabulary.

The “C” final word reads sweet (as in dinner and a movie), se è dura (as in dog and cone) is written “CH” (is.: Lake milk and laugh lake).

The group “GN” as we read in Italian (is.: zbergnòt hat is not nice, shapeless), though probably in less recent times and less Italianised sound “GN” was often replaced by a “NI” (zberniòt).

The letter S we wrote it in two ways, written “S” is sweet (as in seven and socio) and when it is bitter (come in pink and home) we wrote “The”, exploiting the fact that the Z does not exist in our dialect and strong the previous S. Zappettini in his vocabulary repeatedly cited (is.: seven seven PREVIEW people).

In fact, there is another sound “S” in dialetto, more sibilant (is.: siémo fool) which replaced in the past the sound “SC” Italian, we considered it more appropriate to leave the “S” not to further confuse the reader.

“S’C” written with the apostrophe between the two letters it reads like in Italian “SCI”, but with the two separate letters (is.: s’ciòp rifle s’cèp broken).

Probably did not exist in the dialect casiratese the phoneme Italian “SC”, but there came in force to hear words that sound (both in Italian and French and Austrian domination in the previous) and today is commonly used.

The sign “-” between two vowels indicates that the two vowels are pronounced staccate between them (is.: pronounces di pi-às biting is different from that of piàs like).

On the vowels do not examples of pronunciation in Italian as we Lombard have a different ruling by the inhabitants of other regions, also different from province to province and even from country to country, and the example in Italian may not be clear.

If you want to start a riot, try to ask a group of people from various backgrounds are pronounced as such or female task, is the “And” o la “The” open or closed, and you will realize that it is useless to make examples of this type.

Examples of pronunciation of accented vowels :

it is (“And” closed eg.: examples by the, PREVIEW people)

is (“And” s tightening.: Hair leather, seven seven)

Descending (“EU” francese es.: year door, gnöch stubborn)

Ò (“The” s tightening.: OS bone, gnoch dumpling)

or (“The” closed eg.: nigót nothing, póch little)

ü (“You” francese es.: ERGUE someone, Vu one)

For this reason, if you do not find a word in the vocabulary, look for it written in a slightly different way, perhaps without the initial (emperor is imperadùr the ‘mperadùr, dress can be said evening the notify them and an immigrant may perhaps also swaddle), or with the vowels varied (in addition to the examples just mentioned play is both giuga that giugà, that no money is both strapelàt that strepelàt, some imported tell Uncle, sübet and powder, but the true tell casiratese zeo, söbet and Pole and we could continue with numerous other examples).

 

 

the dialect does not have too many words and therefore you use circumlocution, combining for example an adverb to a verb. In this case, many verbs completely change their meaning: eg baià means barking while Baia Adre means scold and not barking behind. This is an example of industry, how to use a few words known to create a living language of a thousand expressions. Today, unfortunately, the translation of words by ear Italian has done away with many of these circumlocutions; feels for example vendemià instead of schisà l’öa.